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James W. Loewen (1942-2021)

We mourn the loss of our friend and colleague and remain committed to the work he began.

Wilmington

Delaware

Basic Information

Type of Place
Independent City or Town
Metro Area
Politics c. 1860?
Unions, Organized Labor?

Sundown Town Status

Sundown Town in the Past?
Unlikely
Was there an ordinance?
No
Sign?
No
Year of Greatest Interest
Still Sundown?
Surely Not

Census Information

The available census data from 1860 to the present
Total White Black Asian Native Hispanic Other BHshld
1860
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020

Method of Exclusion

  • Zoning

Main Ethnic Group(s)

  • Unknown

Group(s) Excluded

  • Black
  • Asian
  • Native American
  • Hispanic
  • Jewish
  • Asian Indian

Comments

“Developers who sold suburban building lots [in the
Wilmington area] frequently encumbered those small
parcels of land with restrictions by including
[restrictive] covenants in the deeds. Of the seventy
subdivisions that I sampled in my research, 83 percent
had one or more restrictive covenants. The real estate
interests cited the restrictions when they marketed the
land, for example, advertising in that restrictions
‘insure a harmonizing effect’ and that they would ‘keep
up the value of your holdings in this tract.’…

“Undoubtedly the most important deed restrictions
were those that banned sales to persons of particular
races. As early as 1917, Wilmington’s suburban
developers included in their deeds prohibitions
against sales to non Caucasian buyers. Given the
understanding of ‘Caucasian’ at the time, this
effectively banned all buyers except people of
northern and western European origin. At least two
developments limited sales to ‘members of the Aryan
branch of the Caucasian race.'”

-PhD dissertation on suburbanization